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audio · evidence-led troubleshooting

Speakers or Headphones Have No Sound

Run a known audio test first, then check output selection, mute/volume and app routing before reinstalling drivers.

Reviewed 2026-08-113 diagnostic steps1 official sources
Run Left/rightSee fault tree ↓

What this symptom means

This symptom concerns the audio path. Start with a neutral DeviceOK test where available so the next step is based on evidence rather than a generic reset sequence.

Diagnostic principleSeparate device selection, mute/volume, channel routing, Bluetooth profile, cable/contact faults and transducer failure. A working left/right test is strong evidence against total output-device failure.

Fault tree

Speaker/headphone fault tree

Use the observation that best matches what you can reproduce. Do not treat every cause as equally likely.

1
Wrong output/routing

Evidence: Another output plays or DeviceOK works while one app is silent.

Next: Align OS and app output selection, per-app volume and Bluetooth routing.

2
Channel/contact problem

Evidence: One side is missing or changes when a plug/cable moves.

Next: Use left/right test, reseat connectors, compare cable/device.

3
Bluetooth profile/state

Evidence: Quality changes sharply when microphone use starts or one app opens voice mode.

Next: Check Bluetooth audio profile/device mode and app input/output selection.

4
Physical driver failure

Evidence: One channel remains dead on multiple sources/cables.

Next: Service/replace only after routing and connector checks.

Interpret the result

Evidence matrix

A test result is useful only if it changes the next troubleshooting branch.

ObservationWhat it supportsPrioritize next
Both test channels audibleThe browser can render audio and the selected output path is functioning.Affected app, routing, codec/profile or content.
Only one side audibleA channel-specific failure exists somewhere from source routing to the physical driver.Balance setting, plug/cable/contact, adapter or speaker/headphone channel.
No browser sound, system sounds workThe hardware can play audio but browser output is affected.Browser/site mute, per-app volume, output selection or policy.
No sound anywhereThe failure is wider than one site.OS output, connection, power, driver/firmware or hardware.

Fast baseline

Rule out the simple causes first

  1. 1

    Run DeviceOK left/right speaker test at a safe volume.

  2. 2

    Confirm the intended output device is selected in the operating system.

  3. 3

    Check system and app volume/mute separately.

Full sequence

Work from reversible checks to invasive ones

Avoid destructive resets, unofficial driver packages, firmware flashing, or replacing hardware before the simpler detection, permission, connection and configuration checks are exhausted.

  1. 1

    If DeviceOK audio works but one app is silent, inspect that app's output device and volume mixer entry.

  2. 2

    If DeviceOK is silent too, check the default playback device, cable/Bluetooth path and OS audio troubleshooter.

  3. 3

    Only move to official driver/device support after output selection and connection are confirmed.

Platform branches

Where the setting lives

Windows

  • System → Sound → Output
  • Volume mixer per-app routing
  • Disable/compare spatial/enhancement processing only as a controlled test

macOS

  • System Settings → Sound → Output
  • Check Audio MIDI Setup only for sample/channel configuration issues
  • Compare wired vs Bluetooth path

Browser

  • Check tab/site mute
  • Play left/right test at safe volume
  • Select a different OS output then return to the intended device if routing is stale
If it works in DeviceOK

DeviceOK sound output working makes a completely failed speaker/headphone path less likely and points toward the affected app's audio routing.

If it also fails here

No audio in DeviceOK and other trusted sources broadens the problem to OS output selection, connection, driver or hardware.

Escalation threshold

When software troubleshooting has stopped being high value

  • One channel dead across multiple sources
  • Audible distortion at low safe volume across sources
  • Battery swelling or overheating in wireless headphones
  • Connector physically damaged

Related diagnoses

Branch only if the symptom changes

Only One Speaker or Headphone Side Worksleft or right audio channel is missing or much quieter
→
Changed one variable?After every meaningful change, repeat the same test under the same conditions and compare the result. Retest under the same condition so the result is comparable.
Retest Left/right